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1.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 71(1): 15-24, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-728504

ABSTRACT

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered an opportunistic pathogen associated with nosocomial infections occurring mainly in pediatric patients, such as premature infants placed in intensive care units. The aim of this study was to characterize K. pneumoniae strains isolated from different clinical sources based on their resistance to antibiotics and the presence of virulence factors associated with their persistence in the hospital environment. Methods: Fifty clinical strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from urine, blood, catheters, and cerebrospinal fluid sources were characterized. Susceptibility testing of antibiotics was performed by the Kirby-Bauer method (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute, 2010). The ability to form a biofilm was determined by the 96-well microplate method. Capsule and fimbrial structures were visualized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adherence was evaluated on A549 and HT29 cells. Assessment for the presence and expression of the ecpA, fimH, and mrkA genes was performed by PCR and RT-PCR. Results: Clinical strains of K. pneumoniae were isolated from 48% of urine, 24% of blood, 18% of catheters, and 10% of cerebrospinal fluid. Ninety-two percent of the strains showed resistance to cefpodoxime, whereas few strains showed resistance to imipenem and meropenem (4 and 2%, respectively). The extended spectrum-type beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype was identified in 97% of the strains positive for resistance to third-generation cephalosporins. In addition, 88% of the strains were multidrug resistant. All strains were able to form biofilms. Capsule and fimbirial structures were visualized by TEM. Based on our adhesion assays, the A549 cell line was more permissive to K. pneumoniae strains than the HT-29 cell line. K. pneumoniae strains amplified and expressed ecpA (100/70%), fimH (98/2%), and mrkA (84/48%) genes, respectively. Conclusion: The K. pneumoniae strains exhibited features that allowed them to survive in the hospital environment (formation of biofilm) and resist antimicrobial therapy (multidrug resistant MDR strains). These strains also possessed a capsule, adhesive properties, and expression of genes encoding colonization factors that favor the selection and persistence of these strains in hospitals.

2.
Rev. sanid. mil ; 54(1): 54-7, ene.-feb. 2000. tab, CD-ROM
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-292159

ABSTRACT

Se elaboró un manual de procedimientos que contiene aspectos importantes que se descuidan en la investigación de brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad del estudio de los mismos.Se probó el funcionamiento del manual, en un estudio cuasiexperimental, de asignación aleatoria de sujetos, de ensayo de campo.La brigada disponible en el momento del estudio, capacitada en el uso del manual propuesto, investigó un brote alimentario. El informe generado por la investigación fue comparado con el obtenido por otra brigada en un evento anterior que se presentó en la misma entidad federativa, después de asignar calificaciones a cada parte.Los promedios se analizaron por el método de "t" de Student para comparación de medias aritméticas con un nivel de confianza del 95 por ciento, y se determinó que sí existía diferencia significativa entre ambos.Se concluye que se mejora la calidad del estudio de los brotes alimentarios con el uso del manual de procedimientos propuesto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Communicable Diseases , Handbook , Epidemiologic Studies , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures/statistics & numerical data
3.
Rev. latinoam. microbiol ; 30(2): 91-6, abr.-jun. 1988. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-94112

ABSTRACT

Se analizaron 389 muestras de pescado colectadas por los Promotores de la Secretaria de Salud a lo largo de un año. Se analizaron 329 muestrs de pescado por la técnica de Nava y 60 muestras por la técnica de la FDA; no se obtuvieron aislamientos positivos de Bibrio parahaemolyticus aún en la época de verano en la cual se tiene la mayor incidencia del microorganismo de acuerdo a datos bibliográficos. Se señala que aunque el microorganismo pudo estar presente en los pescados analizados, debido al tamaño de la muestra analizada y al manejo inadecuado de los pescados desde la pesca hasta su venta se propicia un incremento de la flora asociada lo que dificulta el aislamiento de Vibrio parahaemolyticus por las técnicas utilizadas


Subject(s)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus/isolation & purification , Dogfish , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Mexico , Perciformes
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